C3 Complement is a blood test that measures the level of complement component 3, a protein that plays a central role in the immune system and helps protect the body from infections. The test is needed to evaluate immune-system activity and support the diagnosis or monitoring of conditions such as autoimmune diseases, kidney disorders, and certain infections. C3 levels may also help assess disease activity and treatment response.
A low C3 level may occur when complement proteins are being consumed during certain immune or inflammatory processes. It can be seen in conditions such as lupus, some kidney diseases, and certain infections.
Increased C3 levels may occur during inflammation or infection because C3 is an acute-phase protein. An elevated result is nonspecific and should be interpreted with other clinical findings.
C3 may be useful when evaluating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Low C3, particularly when accompanied by low C4 and other findings, can support assessment of disease activity.
Certainly. C3 levels may be monitored in people with lupus because complement levels can decrease during some disease flares. Results should always be interpreted alongside symptoms and other tests.
Yes. C3 testing can provide useful information when certain immune-related kidney diseases are suspected, including some forms of glomerulonephritis.
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